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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Babel program</span></span>
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<p>The <a href="IARPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IARPA">IARPA</a> <b>Babel program</b> developed <a href="Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> technology for noisy telephone conversations. The main goal of the program was to improve the performance of keyword search on languages with very little transcribed data, i.e. low-resource languages. Data from 26 languages was collected with certain languages being held-out as "surprise" languages to test the ability of the teams to rapidly build a system for a new language.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Beginning in 2012, two industry-led teams (<a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">BBN</a>) and two university-led teams (<a href="International_Computer_Science_Institute" title="International Computer Science Institute">ICSI</a> led by <a href="Nelson_Morgan" title="Nelson Morgan">Nelson Morgan</a> and <a href="Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">CMU</a>) participated.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBM team included <a href="CUED" class="mw-redirect" title="CUED">University of Cambridge</a> and <a href="RWTH_Aachen_University" title="RWTH Aachen University">RWTH Aachen University</a>, while BBN's team included <a href="Brno_University_of_Technology" title="Brno University of Technology">Brno University of Technology</a>, <a href="Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <a href="MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> and <a href="LIMSI" class="mw-redirect" title="LIMSI">LIMSI</a>. Only BBN<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and IBM<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made it to the final evaluation campaign in 2016, in which BBN won by achieving the highest keyword search accuracy on the evaluation language.
</p><p>Some of the funding from Babel was used to further develop the <a href="Kaldi_(software)" title="Kaldi (software)">Kaldi</a> toolkit.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speech data was later made available through the <a href="Linguistic_Data_Consortium" title="Linguistic Data Consortium">Linguistic Data Consortium</a> at a symbolic cost of $25 USD per language pack.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldc.upenn.edu/sites/www.ldc.upenn.edu/files/harper.pdf">"Data Resources to Support the Babel Program Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/babel">"Babel"</a>. <i>IARPA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Alumäe et al., "The 2016 BBN Georgian telephone speech keyword spotting system," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), New Orleans, LA, 2017, pp. 5755-5759, doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2017.7953259.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Cui et al., "Knowledge distillation across ensembles of multilingual models for low-resource languages," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), New Orleans, LA, 2017, pp. 4825-4829, doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2017.7953073.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gales M.J.F., Knill K.M., Ragni A. (2017) Low-Resource Speech Recognition and Keyword-Spotting. In: Karpov A., Potapova R., Mporas I. (eds) Speech and Computer. SPECOM 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10458. Springer, Cham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66429-3_1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66429-3_1</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Golik, Z. Tüske, K. Irie, E. Beck, R. Schlüter, and H. Ney. The 2016 RWTH Keyword Search System for Low-Resource Languages. In International Conference Speech and Computer (SPECOM), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, volume 10458, pages 719-730, Hatfield, UK, September 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaldi-asr.org/doc/history.html">"History of the Kaldi project"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>
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